ZEUS: Zero-Loss Energy Harvesting Using Nanowire Solar Cells in Space
ZEUS develops ultra-lightweight, radiation-resistant nanowire solar cells for space applications. Additionally, it integrates wireless energy transmission systems based on nanowire MOSFET transistors, optimising energy harvesting and transferring in space.
Context
The growing demand for energy in space applications, such as satellites and exploration missions, calls for more efficient and lightweight solutions than conventional solar cells, which have limitations in efficiency and radiation resistance, particularly in hostile environments. Nanowires, due to their nanometric structure, offer enhanced radiation resistance and optimised light absorption, making them a promising alternative. Furthermore, reducing weight and using critical materials efficiently are key to minimising launch costs and maximising satellite lifespan. ZEUS addresses these challenges by combining innovation in materials, energy efficiency, and sustainability to transform space energy generation.
Summary and objectives
ZEUS aims to revolutionise space solar energy through the development of high-efficiency nanowire solar cells and the integration of wireless energy transmission. This approach will enable the creation of ultra-lightweight and flexible solar panels with a potential efficiency of 47%, surpassing current technological limitations.
The project is structured around four main pillars:
- Nanowire solar cells: achieving efficiencies above 35% using triple-junction III-V materials and advanced surface passivation techniques.
- Technology scaling: producing 100 mm² wafers and 1×1 cm² modules to validate their feasibility for large-scale space applications.
- Optimisation of wireless energy transmission: using nanowire MOSFET transistors to improve energy transfer efficiency between satellites.
- Weight and critical material reduction: implementing substrate peeling and reuse technologies to enable the production of ultra-lightweight and flexible solar panels.
Additionally, a full life cycle assessment (LCA) will be conducted to evaluate the environmental impact and sustainability of the developed technology.
Consortium
The ZEUS consortium consists of five partners from three countries:
- Lund Universitet (ULUND) – Sweden (coordinator)
- University of Málaga (UMA) – Spain
- Fraunhofer ISE – Germany
- Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV) – Spain
Institute of Packaging, Transport and Logistics (ITENE) – Spain
ITENE’s role in ZEUS
ITENE leads WP5, focused on life cycle assessment (LCA), with the following tasks:
- Assessing the environmental impact and critical material efficiency of nanowire solar cells.
- Estimating the decarbonisation potential in their manufacturing and use.
- Analysing the recovery of critical materials at the end of satellite lifespan, promoting a circular economy.
Additionally, ITENE contributes to the development of reuse and recycling strategies to ensure the project complies with sustainability principles.
